Colonial Beginning of Modern Theatre in India Essay Example For Students

Frontier Beginning of Modern Theater in India Essay Frontier Beginning of Modern Theater in India India’s brush with the West during late eighteenth and mid twentieth century had expansive runing political, monetary, cultural and social impacts. In the field of theater this brush changed about everything †its signifier, way and step ( Jain 1992:61 ) . Set up in the British states in Calcutta and later in Bombay, the introduction of current performance center in India is blamelessly a pilgrim wonder. The bing customary dramatic open introductions were seen as coarse rustic diversion and a mentality of disdain or aloofness towards them created. The British worked with the reason that India needed showy progress and they accepting it as the ‘white grown-up guys burden’ to begin Indians into it and Indians promptly ventured frontward to duplicate and assimilate western dramatic hypothetical records accessible before them. During British frontier guideline theater as an advanced signifier of narrating and entertainment a little bit at a time got built up in principle metropoliss like Calcutta ( East ) , Madras ( South ) , Bombay ( West ) and Varanasi ( North ) . The inheritance of the advanced Indian venue started with the terminal of the laterality of old style Sanskrit theater or all the more precisely brahminical standing witting theater and the moving of the topical show and performative convention ( Rangacharya 1975:94 ) . Ascent of Theater in Colonial India It is difficult to turn up the historical backdrop of around 200 mature ages of frontier theater in the modifying socio-political and social environmental factors. Theater in this period conceivably found in three wide stages, first stage can be known as the pioneer time frame runing from 1795 ( the creation ofDisguise) to 1872 ( the creation ofNiladarpan) , during this stage, Indian performance center was in its imitative stage and stayed a way of diversion and cultural communications for a chose set of English individuals and flush instructed indigens. Theater design was limited to the private theater ; a portion of the auditorium houses were work in the houses or forests of Baboo Prasanna Kumar Tagore ( Hindu theater ) , Baboo Nabin Chandra Bose ( Shyam Bazar Theater ) and Baboo Parry Mohan Bose ( Jorasanko Natyasala ) . Bombay theater scene had a comparative trip before the happening to the Parsi theater. The provincial venue was carefully a recreational example and created trust ing on western hypothetical records particularly Shakespeare turned out to be somewhat famous. On November 27Thursday, 1795, Herasim Lebedeff ( 1749-1817 ) , a Russian with the guide of his Bengali mentor Golaknath Das arranged a Bengali form of the English drama,The Disguiseat the Bengal Theater in Calcutta ( Barucha 1953:8 ) . Lebedeff made the interlingual versions and the performing specialists were all Bengalis. For Rangacharya this open introduction proclaimed the introduction of the cutting edge theater ( 1971:94 ) . At that cut the just theater bing was completely British like The Calcutta theater ( bolstered by Warrren Hastings ) with repertories ofThe School for Scandal,Richard III,Hamletand others. The English performance center engaged officials, merchants’ bookmans and agents of east India Company. It was sole to the point that even Usshers and ushers were English ( Barucha 1953:8 ) By 1840 there was an interest among playgoers of Bengal to see theater that would go to the adjusting mentalities in the public eye and in add-on they needed to be engaged excessively.Bidyut Sundar( 1836 ) was among the first of these private open introductions. Arranged in grouped pieces of the house including the nursery and the pulling room of Nabin Chandra Basu ( 9 ) the creation depended by and large on hey tech showy gear imported from England. The show was a sensation of Annada Mangal, a Bengali section structure by Bharat Chandra. As a dramaBidyut Sundarwas uncouth however it’s noteworthy significance was gigantic. It animated blue bloods like Jyotindranath Tagore and Pratap Chandra Sinha to support theaters by in private disparaging open introductions of Bengali dramatizations. The impacts of English guidance, the impact of western civilisation, the ascent of political awareness all made unsettling that offered clout to individuals to pounce upon orthodoxies and to go to cultural indecencies. The first unique show in Quite a while Ram Narayan Tarkaratna’s ( 1822-1886 )Kulin Kulasarvasa( 1853 ) and laterNaba-Natak( New Drama ) ( 1867 ) both were cultural dramatizations on the improprieties ofKulin( upper class ) polygamy. Michael Madhusudhan Dutt’s ( 1824-1873 ) premier brush with Bengali auditorium was his English interlingual version of a Sanskrit traditional show adjusted by Ramnnarayan Tarkaratna s dramaRatnavali( 1858 ) . He wroteSarmistha( 1858 ) , dependent on a sentimental scene from Mahabharata other than oppugning Hindu standards, his other show calledEkei Ki Bale Sabhyata?( Is this Called Civilization? ) ( 1860 ) parodies an anglicized baboo Naba Kumar who stuns individuals by his eccentricities and in it we other than have medicines of female liberation and widow remarriage. In south India in late nineteenth century shows dependent on the new western hypothetical record were written in phonetic correspondences like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. A few names related with theaters were: Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar ( 1873-1964 ) portrayed as the building up male parent of Tamil theater, Gubbi Veeranna ( 1890 1974 ) a pioneer in Kannada theater and Dharamavaram Krishnamchari ( 1853â€1912 ) an observed Telugu writer. The dramatizations contained stories drawn from impressive, verifiable or cultural occasion yet signifier and development depended on shallow impersonation of the shows of Shakespeare. Landfills: A Growing Menace EssayIn this stage Indian theater strived to get a singularity of its ain by rehashing autochthonal recorded or spectacular characters, during this clasp, one gathering of theater practicians like Rabindranath Tagore, Bhartendu Harishchandra and Jayshankar Prasad rewarded theater craftsmanship stylishly asDrishya Kavya( Hansen 1989: 86 ) and attempted to move away from trade wild around the clasp. The Third Phase: The Parsi Theater and Indian People’s Theater Association ( IPTA ) Late nineteenth century was the phase of the ascent of business theaters, the Parsi theater on the one manus and the arrangement of the socially, strategically and socially witting Indian People’s Theater Association ( IPTA ) on the other. During the period 1853 to 1931, Bombay built up an exuberant dramatic human progress adjusted in the covering examples of the Parsi, Gujarati, and Marathi theaters ( Hansen 1999:127-147 ) . This new urban performance center was prominently known as Parsi theater. It emerged so as to flexibly diversion to the expanding populace of enormous metropoliss subsequent upon industrialisation. It introducing dramatizations dependent on Indian folklore, history and tales. With its voyaging organizations, they headed out to various pieces of the state and had a colossal effect on their crowd. Western Naturalistic play, drama and conventional everyday citizens signifiers made a mix for visual part of the business Parsi theater. A combination of gigantic scenes, cover stage, beautiful foundations, exhibition, drama, music, temper and relationship entirely added to the contriving of this theater. Agha Hashr ( 1880-1931 ) was an of import writer of the Parsi theater alongside other notable producer s like Narain Prasad Betab and Radhey Shyam Kathavachak. Parsi theater other than had extraordinary histrions like Cowasji Khatau, Khurshedji Baliwala, Master Madan, Fida Hussain Narasi, Having created in newly rising enormous metropoliss like Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai this signifier of theater performed by proficient gatherings was the solitary start of mass entertainment before the outgrowth of film. The movement made a significant endeavor to pass on play nearer to the average folks however its assault was brazen and direction was on a very basic level western. Indeed, current Indian performance center developed predominantly as a response against its underlying roughness and shallowness. Between the late thirtiess and the 1950s, an extent of occasions ; the frontier atrociousnesss, the Bengal Famine of 1943, the Telengana ( in Andhra Pradesh ) and Tebhaga ( in Bengal ) commonplace movements, the Second World War, collective power, Partition, Failure of Nehruvian goals made interest for a substitute human advancement and created reactions in the signifier of tasteful creations across music, theater, workmanship and move. Indian People’s Theater Association shaped in 1943 utilized venue as a political arm to show an other hypothetical record of social creation. It authoritatively embraced the idea that music, average folks signifiers and theater would be utilized for dissent and reaction to the skirmishes of a colonized state on the one manus and the multi-layered oppression of the everyday citizens under both the pioneer and the quick post-freedom period. The regions where this movement was predominant were Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, Delhi, Punjab, Maharashtra, And hra Pradesh and Kerala. The social crew of Binoy Roy ventured out over the state to educate individuals about the devastate toing shortage in Bengal through their choirBhookha Hai Bengal( Bengal is Hungry ) . P.C. Joshi, the so General Secretary of Communist Party of India took the venture and the imaginative people of the occasions Prithviraj Kapoor, Bijon Bhattacharya, Ritwik Ghatak, Utpal Dutt, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, Mulk Raj Anand, Salil Chowdhury, Rajendra Raghuvanshi, Jyotirindra Moitra, Safdar Mir and numerous others came frontward and framed Indian People’s Theater Association ( IPTA ) in 1942. The principal most well known dramatization of IPTA was Bijon Bhattacharya’s‘Nabanna’( Fresh Harvest ) . The show was coordinated by Shambhu Mitra and Bijon Bhattacharya and was principal organized on October 24, 1944 at ‘Sr

Veils Essay Example

Cloak Essay At the point when somebody specifies the wordVeil numerous individuals consider Bridal veils.But there are different sorts of cloak around; Islamic cover, Spanish kerchiefs and verifiable headwear. The custom of ladies wearing cover goes back hundreds of years and it crosses numerous cultures.In Islamic societies where ladies have been subordinate to men, the cloak might be worn even today to shield womens faces. Shroud were well known in European designs back in Gothic occasions, around 1400, and before.Women secured their hair with cloak for chapel or to show they were married.Fifteenth century style included topped caps for ladies with cover connected at the pinnacle. A Wimple is a hood worn by ladies over the head and around the neck, cheeks, and jaw. From the late twelfth until the start of the fourteenth century, it was worn broadly all through medieval Europe, and it made due as of not long ago as a head covering for ladies in strict orders.The wimple initially was embraced as a jawline cloak by Western ladies after the crusaders brought once more from the Near East such molds as the shroud of the Muslim lady. The wimple, generally made of fine white cloth or silk, encircled the face and secured the neck and here and there part of the chest. Purdah, Hindi Parda (screen, or cloak), a training that was initiated by Muslims and later received by different Hindus, particularly in India, and that includes the separation of ladies from open perception by methods for disguising dress (counting the cover) and by the utilization of high-walled fenced in areas, screens, and shades inside the home.The practice of purdah is said to have begun in the Persian culture and to be gained by the Muslims during the Arab victory of what is currently Iraq in the seventh century Ad.Muslim mastery of northern India thusly impacted the act of Hinduism, and purdah got regular among the Hindu privileged societies of northern India. During the British authority in India, pur

Early Action Season

Early Action Season *Update as of 2015: Early action is available to both domestic and international students. Tonight is Thursday, October 30th. That means tomorrow is October 31: Halloween. And the next day is November 1: the MIT Early Action deadline. Weve been getting a lot of questions here in the office about the deadline, so let me take a moment to answer some of those questions, and to provide a bit of advice as well. Please be patient with the application tracking system. Allow two weeks from submission date for documents to show up in the tracking system. We have buckets and buckets of mail to open and process already and the deadline hasnt even arrived yet. Please do not harass your teachers or counselors if you dont yet see a recommendation on the application tracking system. They will submit everything in due time, and we will have it processed in plenty of time to make decisions. When we start reading, we begin with the applications that are the most complete. We will provide lots of time for delayed documents. We are happy to be flexible with individual circumstances. November 1 is a postmark/submit-button deadline. We are happy to accept forms submitted any time up to and through November 1. Yes, you can submit documents up to and through midnight on November 1 but really, if youre clicking submit at 11:59:59pm 11/01/08, youre doing it wrong. I recommend clicking submit before the Halloween festivities. Your Halloween will be much more enjoyable and much less stressful if you submit things before Friday night. There is no need to fax materials at this point. Use traditional methods of submission. If something is missing in mid-late November, then the fax will be a good option. We are flexible with word limits on essays, but dont push it. Dont worry if your essay doesnt format as youd like it to. Were reading for content, and were used to seeing the formatting errors from the computer uploading process. No worries. and, while youre thinking of it, go thank your parents for their support over the years: they deserve it. So, who is done and has submitted both their Parts 1 and 2? Doesnt it feel good to have finished the application?

Artifacts of the Royal Cemetery of Ur

What Is Love, a Comparison of Love in Othello and King Lear

What is love? Love is the pinnacle of all emotions, it is the epicenter for life, what is the point of living if there is no love, ironically love is the cause of many a down fall. William Shakespeare has single handedly captured and embraced this necessary feeling and has allowed us to view in on it through the characters in his two masterpieces, Othello and King Lear. Three different kinds of loves explored in both Othello and King Lear, sharing both similarities and differences are a love for a significant other, the love a father holds to his children, and the love a daughter holds for her father. By looking at the outcomes of these loves one may draw a sense of loves negative and positive effects, and how the different traits of†¦show more content†¦Friedlander), but in the end all roads seem to lead to death. Next one may want to look into the love a father holds for a child. This love is also tested in both Othello through Brabantio and Desdemona, and in King Lear through both King Lear and his Daughters and Gloucester and his Sons. Brabantios love for his daughter Desdemona comes out in the beginning of the play when he finds out his daughter has married Othello. This demonstrates a love a father holds for his daughter because he sees it as no one is good enough for his Desdemona even a man who he knows very well like Othello (A. Bradley). An example of this is in the beginning of the play when Brabantio takes the issue of his daughters marriage to court. According to B. Long Desdemona running off with Othello upset him greatly and led to him dying of not old age but a broken heart. King Lears love for his daughter mainly Goneril and Regan can be more related to Desdemonas love for Othello because much the same as Desdemona King Lears unconditional love for Goneril and Regan hazed his vision to the wicked plans hiding under their angelic masks and impure flattery (A. Bradley). Gloucester much like Brabantio and King Lear loved his children highly. Also much the same this love for a child led to the cause of great pain to fall upon him. Even though Edmond unlike Edgar is an illegitimate son he loves them both the same until he connived into perceiving Edgar is inShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hometown Of The English Language And The World s Best Dramatist1266 Words   |  6 Pagesincomparable to any other author. Some of the many themes included in Shakespeare s works were love, violence, and deceit. He was the first to heavily focus on the internal feelings of his characters. Shakespeare noticed the qualities and characteristics that relate to all human beings making his writing more personal to the audience, but it usually includes a troublesome and tragic mischance. We do not know to what degree Shakespeare s personal experiences are reflected in his sonnets; nor do we knowRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And King Lear3685 Words   |  15 PagesName: Instructors’ Name: Course: Date: Analysis of Shakespeare’s powerful female characters in the play â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† and â€Å"King Lear Introduction Shakespeare is seen to value the role of women as his plays often portray women as heroines. These women have strong characters that endear them to readers. Readers in our current world, and especially women, are encouraged to be self-assertive in demand for equal treatment in our society. This has been the tradition for women in the WesternRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of Edmund Kean1513 Words   |  7 PagesKean, one of the greatest and most historic British actors to ever live. Kean might have been born on March 17th in the year of 1789,and I say might have because no one really knows when he was born. The exact date of his birth has been a mystery for what seems like forever now, and as the years keep going, the chance of this mystery being solved becomes less and less possible. We’re at the point now where we’ll probably never find out when Edmund Kean was born, all we have is a rough estimate at theRead MoreComparison and Contrast Between Othello and Hamlet3664 Wo rds   |  15 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Hamlet Comparison and Contrast By Ankur Chauhan Comparisons between plays can always be made; the question is, how useful are they? The core comparison that springs to mind between these two plays, Othello and Hamlet, is that these are both tragedies driven by character. That is to say, they all follow classically great men from great heights to terrible ends and deaths. Each man is in a situation where he is especially vulnerable. If these men swapped places, theyRead MoreTragic Drama According to AC Bradleys Theory of Shakespeare and a Comparison of Arthur Miller and August Wilsons Concept of Tragedy2899 Words   |  12 Pagesparticular paradox, we become fascinated. Bradley emphasizes on viewing the literary techniques used not as the basic constituents but as the expression of tragedy. Some of the major characters in Shakespeares renowned tragedies are Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth. Most of these characters are individual sufferers as in reality; a single man faces the paradoxes of life. In every work of Shakespeare, irrespective of the individually unique traits, we find a shattered hope or a failed ambitionRead MoreEssay on Analyses of Race and Gender Issues in Shakespeares Othello3144 Words   |  13 PagesAnalyses of Race and Gender Issues in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The discussion of race in Shakespeares Othello has received a great deal of critical attention. Virginia Mason Vaughn, in her book Othello: A Contextual History, surveys this critical history, beginning with Marvin Rosenbergs 1961 book The Masks of Othello (a book documenting the nineteenth-century tendency toward representing Othello as light-skinned), and continuing through to Jack DAmicos 1991 book The Moor in English RenaissanceRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesGreat Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby The Sound and Fury Gulliver’s Travels Sula Heart of Darkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turner’s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn of the Screw Major Barbara Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf 2004 (Form B): The most important themes in literature are sometimes developed in scenes in which a death or deaths take place. Choose a novel or play and write a well-organizedRead More The Theme of Loss in Poetry Essay2004 Words   |  9 Pagesportray the theme of ‘loss’ in some way. ‘Loss’ has been a recurring theme in literature for centuries, from early poets such as William Shakespeare who portrays loss in many of his tragedies including the loss of sanity in ‘King Lear’ and the loss of reputation in ‘Othello’, through to Keats’s ‘Odes’ and into the twentieth and twenty-first century. Loss is an important aspect of life and many modern poets find it to be an interesting theme to deal with in their work. The poems chosen for theRead MoreThe Tragic Hero and the Tragic Story in William Shakespeares Writing2842 Words   |  12 PagesStory in William Shakespeares Writing Shakespeares tragedies are, for the most part, stories of one person, the hero, or at most two, to include the heroine. Only the Love Tragedies (Romeo and Juliet; Antony and Cleopatra)are exceptions to this pattern. In these plays, the heroine is as much at the center of action as the hero. The rest of the tragedies, including Macbeth, have single stars, so the tragicRead MoreHow Did Elizabethan Theater Affect Popular Entertainment?1842 Words   |  8 Pages and a few of her poems still exist today. Elizabeth was also into arts and literature. She loved watching plays and dramatic performances. â€Å"She hired her own company of actors called â€Å"The Queen’s Players.† The art spread because of the queen. Her love for poetry, music, and drama helped make it fashionable for the wealthy members of the court to support the arts. Elizabethan Entrepreneurs built theaters for very large audiences. The theater was an expanding industry at the time. Many theaters began

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Free Essays

In order to completely understand the relation, it is Important to define what Is meant by each of the terms before Identifying any links between them. Joseph Schumacher defined entrepreneurship as â€Å"whatever the type, everyone is entrepreneur only when he actually carries out a new combination and loses that character as soon as he has built up his business, when he settles to running it as other people run their 1934, p. 78) I agree with most of this definition as this basically means that a person is only an entrepreneur when something new Is created. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship or any similar topic only for you Order Now After this point, they are not considered entrepreneurs as whatever they have created Is no longer new. Schumacher also said that Innovation Is the creation of a new product, new method of production, new markets or new ways of directing resources. It is also important to distinguish between incremental and radical Innovation. Incremental innovation refers to a small change whereas radical change means a revolutionary change, For example, the Invention of the first mobile phone was a radical innovation. The release of Apple’s latest phone is an incremental innovation. Firstly, I will examine the correlation between Just entrepreneurship and innovation. In my opinion, it is impossible to be an entrepreneur without being innovative. Summerset’s definition supports this belief. The person needs to create something incrementally or radically new in order to be an entrepreneur. A good example of this would be Steve Jobs, one of the founders of Apple. His Innovation towards portable music was radical In the sense that his product was compact. However, since then, he has made more products such as phones and computers. Schumacher also argued that innovation allows firms to generate abnormal profits which are required as they encourage research and development. However, I believe that this research and development often leads to incremental change rather than radical change. This can be seen by looking at Apple as well. Apple constantly makes incremental changes to FIFO However, incremental change is essential for economic development. Economic development is defined as the rise in the general standards of living and quality of life. It is measured by the Human Developmental Index (HID). The HID is a â€Å"way of measuring development by combining indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment and income† (UNDO, 2011). Economic development can only be achieved if there is economic growth. Economic growth is the rise in a nation’s real gross domestic product (GAP). Considering that â€Å"Development requires the removal of major sources of unfounded: poverty as well as tyranny, poor economic opportunities as well as systematic social deprivation, neglect of public facilities as well as intolerance or overcapacity of oppressive states. (Mammary Seen, 1999, p. 3), I firmly believe that economic growth can lead to economic development. Entrepreneurship and innovation fuels economic growth as it makes demand rise. An entrepreneur innovates and creates something to meet a pre-existing yet unfulfilled demand. As a result, people buy that product, allowing the entrepreneur to earn profits. These profits can be invested back into the business. The proces s then starts again and causes the economy to grow. A growing economy results in increasing expenditure. This means that unemployment falls and incomes rise. This means that consumption of necessity goods increases. The provision and consumption of services such as health care and education can also increase. Governments can also generate more revenue from tax as incomes and expenditure rises. This means the provision of public goods such as clean drinking water, sanitation and law and order increases. A rise in the supply of public goods causes a reduction in inequality gap and improves income distribution. All of these constitute to economic development as the standard of living has now been improved and this can be proven by calculating the values for the HID indicators. Furthermore, economic growth is also an incentive for more innovation as it signals to the potential entrepreneurs that the economic conditions are suitable for making profits. It is due to all these conditions that I believe that the ‘uninformed’ mentioned in Ken’s definition are removed and aptly addressed during a period of economic growth, thus, resulting in economic development. An example, from Kenya, of the process above supports my argument. According to an article published by The Guardian, a Kenya telecommunications company, Safari, started providing a mobile banking service called ‘M-Peas’ in 2003. This service permitted its users to store money on their phones and pay for items or transfer money via SMS. This provided people with an alternative source of banking that was better than the traditional method because it was portable and did not impose heavy charges for transactions. As a result, demand for mobile phones went up. A study done by the London Business School showed that for every 10 extra mobile phones per 100 people, GAP in a developing nation went up by 0. 5%. Mobile phones also aided in economic development because they â€Å"can also be used to spread vital information about farming and healthcare to isolated rural areas send symptoms of a disease to a doctor via text and receive a diagnosis. Farmers could find the market price of the crops to ensure that they are not cheated. Mobile banking is not a radical innovation however; incremental change can be more beneficial for less developed countries. This service helps improve the quality of life for people in remote, rural areas that are hard to get to due to poor infrastructure. Although, entrepreneurship and innovation can cause economic growth, it isn’t the only way. Economic growth can also be found in situations from which entrepreneurship is completely absent. A prime example of this would be the Russia during the sass. During this time, Russia was a centrally planned economy. By definition this means that all decisions were made by the state rather than individuals. â€Å"The decade of sass was thus the â€Å"golden period† of Soviet economic Roth. The patterns of Soviet growth of the sass in terms of growth accounting were very similar to the Japanese growth of the sass-ass and to Korean and Taiwanese growth in the 1960-ass – fast increases in labor productivity counterweighted the decline in capital productivity’ (Vladimir Pop, 2010) These nations saw an increase in their GAP even during a lack of entrepreneurship due to increased labor productivity. However, the rise in GAP only lasted a decade. As it can be inferred by inspecting the current economic conditions in the former Soviet states, the growth was not sustainable. Sustainability looks at the level of self-sufficiency a product or notion has. It is related to entrepreneurship and innovation in the sense that if a product, idea or procedure is not sustainable, the likelihood of its existence is low. It’s obvious to me that an entrepreneur is less likely to follow through with an idea that cannot continuously generate profits. Conversely, the concept of sustainable development has to be discussed while trying to understand the relationship between economic development and sustainability. Sustainable development is defined as â€Å"development that meets the needs of the resent without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. † (NUANCED, 1987)This means that entrepreneurs have to be innovative in a manner that satisfies the current demand but does not harm the future generation’s capacity to innovate and satisfy their demands. Sustainable entrepreneurship can help achieve economic development. For example, the invention of the catalytic converter by Eugene Hydro was a radical innovation that was meant to reduce the air pollution created by exhausts from chimneys and automobiles. This kind of radical innovation benefits the developed nations more as they have a higher rate of institution and more factories and automobiles that create emissions. In this case, sustainable entrepreneurship increases economic development because impact on health, one of the factors measured by the HID, is reduced. In conclusion, the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is a bilateral one. I think it is impossible to be an entrepreneur without causes economic growth which is required for economic development. However, economic growth does not equate to economic development, as shown by the report on Soviet growth rates. Even though there was economic growth, there was a very insignificant, if any, rise in the standards of living. For me, this highlights the importance of entrepreneurship in achieving economic development. Even though I think radical innovation is a better reflection of entrepreneurship, I think that incremental innovation is of greater importance for the purposes of promoting economic development in less developed countries. The incremental innovations done by entrepreneurs in less developed nations, such as Safari in Kenya, are vital for economic development due to the nature of the infrastructure in these countries. Radical innovations such as the creation of the catalytic converter and whiney scrubbers that reduce emissions are significant for improving the standards of living in developed nations due to the opulence and levels of consumption. Sustainability and sustainable development play a noteworthy role in this relationship. How to cite The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship, Papers

Salomon V Salomon free essay sample

Salman, who owned a vacant bungalow lot, agreed to sell it to Maryam for RM300,000. The transfer of the lot was to be completed by the end March 2010. Last week, Salman, discovered that other lands in the vicinity of his lot were fetching much higher prices and changed his mind about selling the lot to Maryam. He proceeded to set up a company, Tatipu Sdn Bhd (the company), of which he was the majority shareholder and managing director. His wife, who is also a director, is the only other shareholder of the company. He then transferred the bungalow lot to the company. Subsequently he informed Maryam that he will not be able to proceed with the sale of the property to her as it has been sold to a third party, i. e. the company, but that he is prepared to pay damages for breach of contract. Maryam wishes to sue both Salman and Tatipu Sdn Bhd for breach of contract and claimed specific performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Salomon V Salomon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Advise Maryam whether she will be successful in her claim for specific performance. (You are required to confine your answer to issues relating to company law. ) (10 marks)   Issue: Whether Maryam can claim the bungalow lot from Salman and/or Tatipu Sdn Bhd by lifting the corporate veil (case law/judicial exceptions) under the concept of separate legal entity. (1/2 marks) Rules: -In separate legal entity doctrine, a company has a legal personality of its own apart from the persons who owns it. The law will treat the company and the members as separate legal persons as decided in the case Salomon v Salomon. -However, in certain circumstances, a court may ignore the separate legal entity of a company (lifting the corporate veil) and look at the members of the company and make them liable. The relevant rule here is the use of company to evade legal obligation to commit fraud under the case law or judicial exceptions and the relevant case is Jones v Lipman. (3/4 marks) Application: -As a general rule, Tatipu Sdn Bhd and the member (Salman) are the separate legal persons. -By creating Tatipu Sdn Bhd and transferring the bungalow lot to the Tatipu Sdn Bhd, Salman actually use Tatipu to evade his legal obligation to Maryam. -The court will lift the corporate veil in the case of fraud done by Salman. -Therefore, the court will disregard the separate legal person and will hold that Salman and his company as one and the same. 3/4 marks) Conclusion: -Both Salman and the company, Tatipu Sdn Bhd will be ordered to specially perform the contract to sell the house to Maryam. (1/2 marks)   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Please follow exactly the model answer (the answer format) above for the problem question in the assignment/test/final exam. Your answer can be in point form but must be in full sentence just like the above answer. Make sure you write ‘Issue’, ‘Rules’, ‘Application’ and ‘Conclusion’ exactly as above. Remember that one IRAC for one issue. If there are two or three different issues (in one question), then you must have two or three sets of IRAC for that question.